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The German air defense system mistakenly shot the U.S. UAV, and the identification of friend or foe is still the core problem in the battlefield.

According to a number of foreign media reports, on February 26th, the German F-124 "Saxony" class frigate "Hessen", which was on a combat escort mission in the Red Sea, fired two "Standard-2" (SM-2) air defense missiles at a target that failed to confirm its identity and was judged as a "reconnaissance drone".

Due to technical reasons that did not disclose details, the missile failed and crashed into the sea.

F-124 frigate launches SM-2 missile.

Afterwards, it was proved that the targeted drone was an American MQ-9 "Death" drone that was carrying out a strike mission against Houthi armed targets nearby. The series of related news was confirmed by German Defense Ministry spokesman Michael Steinfler on February 28th.

However, the spokesman stressed that "Hesse" had carried out a complete identification process before firing, including radio response, and asked the allies whether there were drones performing tasks in the airspace.

MQ-9 UAV

In addition, the failure of two SM-2 missiles has also caused waves in Germany.

Lack of air defense equipment in Germany

A spokesman for the German Federal Parliament’s national defense policy said, "We have only now learned according to the requirements that some ammunition of the frigate Hessen can no longer be purchased because it no longer has the corresponding industrial capacity. When the stocks are exhausted, the German navy can no longer replenish them and must withdraw the frigates. " In addition, he also accused the current German government of concealing the truth from the opposition party, which led to the parliament’s unwitting decision to send frigates to participate in escort operations.

The F-124 frigate takes air defense as its main task, and is equipped with advanced multi-function radar and various air defense weapons, including SM-2 Block IIIA, Evolution Sea Sparrow (ESSM) and RIM-116. SM-2 BlockIIIA suffered the ammunition inventory crisis. According to the disclosure of information about this accidental attack by the German Ministry of Defence, the ammunition has been discontinued.

SM-2 series missiles were designed earlier. SM-2 Block1 was developed in 1970s, and its production line was closed in 2013 due to lack of orders.

After the Crimean incident in 2014, the global demand for SM-2 soared. Raytheon restarted its production line in 2017 to meet the demand of more than 280 SM-2 BlockIIIA/B in the Netherlands, Japan, Australia, South Korea and other countries, and announced that the production line will be maintained until 2035. In 2021, Chile made a purchase demand for SM-2 BlockIIIA to the United States, but the quantity was very small.

At present, the latest model of SM-2 series is SM-2 BlockIIIC, which is in the initial production stage of low speed. The missile has undergone a major technical upgrade and completely changed its guidance system: SM-2 BlockIIIA uses inertial navigation, radio command correction and semi-active radar composite guidance; SM-2 BlockIIIB replaces the seeker with the dual-mode system of infrared imaging and semi-active radar on the basis of Type A; SM-2 BlockIIIC is replaced by an active radar guided seeker, which comes from the "Standard -6" extended range active missile (SM-6 ERAM).

Although SM-2 BlockIIIC has been significantly enhanced in performance, it can effectively fight against high-mobility and high-agility targets and has the ability to attack targets outside the radar detection range of warships; However, the change of guidance mode and other improvements make it incompatible with the mission management and fire control system of the existing F-124 frigate.

This also means that once the existing SM-2 BlockIIIA runs out of stocks, Germany not only needs to order SM-2 BlockIIIC missiles with a long production cycle from the United States, but also needs to carry out targeted shipboard equipment improvement and certification tests for F-124 frigates. The time required for this process may be calculated in years.

Predicament of friend-or-foe identification in UAV era

Compared with the missile inventory crisis, which mainly stems from Germany’s own political struggle and management system problems, the wartime friend-or-foe identification problem once again displayed in this accidental attack is a dilemma that all countries are facing. Especially in the era of drones, this problem is becoming more and more difficult.

Friend or foe identification transponder

From a purely technical point of view, many countries have developed a large number of IFF technologies, including cooperative and uncooperative. When the two sides interact and cooperate, they can complete the identification by means of wireless communication through the principle of "inquiry/reply"; When the target is in a non-cooperative state, the inquirer will summarize and fuse all the collected target information (radar echo signal, infrared radiation, acoustic signal, GPS information) and implement compulsory identification.

In the ideal technical test environment, it is possible to realize fast and accurate identification of friend or foe by relying on the complementary combination of these two means. However, in the actual combat environment, many factors, such as political intervention, the setting of rules of engagement, and the management system of military tasks, may completely lead to the unreliability of the existing methods of identifying the enemy or ourselves. The incident in which a German frigate accidentally attacked an American drone is a typical example.

Failure reasons of collaborative identification:

For some reason not publicly disclosed by the US, the targeted MQ-9 failed to turn on the IFF transponder, or the related equipment failed, and the German frigate recognized it as a non-friendly target without an effective response.

Failure reasons of non-cooperative identification level:

Due to the differences of interests between different countries and departments, Europe and the United States have several military operations in the Red Sea and the surrounding areas of Yemen, which are not subordinate to each other and lack a unified command and coordination structure. Due to the confidentiality requirements of military operations, it is very common for different units to be unaware of the existence of the other side, even in the army of the same country.

The Hessian frigate participated in the "Aspad" escort operation led by the European Union, while the escort mission of the US military was the earlier "Guardian of Prosperity" operation. The mistakenly attacked MQ-9 is not affiliated with the "Prosperity Guardian", but another US military operation whose name is unknown at present. The US military units participating in the "Prosperity Guardian" operation are unaware of the existence of the MQ-9 drone.

This led to the "Hesse" frigate, although it initiated consultation with the American unit responsible for the "Guardian of Prosperity", but it got the wrong answer. In the airspace where the target signal is located, the real situation is only that "there is no aircraft participating in the prosperity guardian operation", not "there is no aircraft of the US military".

The 40-kilogram unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) appeared on the battlefield in Ukraine, with a unit price of up to $15,000. It is not worth the loss to carry the traditional IFF transponder.

Compared with purely technical problems, these non-technical factors often make it more difficult to identify the friend or foe. Especially from the actual combat environment such as Ukraine and Yemen in recent years, the identification of friend or foe of drones will become more and more troublesome. The popularity of small and medium-sized UAVs and the extensive participation of civilian UAVs in military operations inevitably bring more problems, such as the following:

01For reasons such as economy and confidentiality risks, a large number of UAVs participating in the war are not equipped with IFF equipment at all.

02At the same time, the number of units operating drones on the battlefield is unprecedented, and the task information between them is not interoperable.

03A large number of unmanned aerial vehicles (especially multi-rotor aircraft) are highly similar in design, and a large number of key features are highly similar from appearance shape to acoustic signals, lacking effective means of distinction; Or both sides are equipped with a large number of equipment at the same time (more common in civilian models), and it is meaningless to distinguish models.

Undoubtedly, drones will further play a more important role in the future battlefield; How to deal with the corresponding friend or foe identification problem will be an extremely critical research topic.

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The FIFA Football World Cup has attracted 59 teams to sign up.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Dalian, March 21st (Reporter Wang Jingyu, Cai Yongjun) The reporter learned from the first meeting of the organizing committee of the 2024 FIFA World Cup held on the 21st that 59 teams from 36 countries and regions have signed up for the event.

　　According to the relevant personage of the organizing committee, as of March 20th, according to the feedback from the International Federation of Sports, 39 men’s soccer teams and 20 women’s soccer teams from five continents have signed up for the tournament in Dalian, and the lottery ceremony is expected to be held in mid-April.

The FIFA Football World Cup has attracted 59 teams to sign up.

　　On the same day, the organizing committee heard a report on the preparations for the 2024 FIFA World Cup for the first time, and made research and deployment for the next step. Wang Jiayi, executive chairman of the organizing committee, member of the leading party group of the Ministry of Education and vice minister, said that since winning the right to host the games, Liaoning Province and Dalian City have attached great importance to organizing the games in an orderly manner, carefully planned the opening and closing ceremonies and key activities of people-to-people exchanges, provided practical services for the games, and made vigorous progress in various preparations. He stressed that it is necessary to attach great importance to this World Cup, earnestly strengthen the organization and leadership of the preparations, solidly and orderly advance various key tasks, and do a good job in organizing the training and preparation for the China team and supporting activities during the World Cup.

　　The 2024 FIFA World Cup will be held from May 17 to 27, and the preparations for the event have now entered the sprint stage.

[Editor in charge:

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Stick to the fitness punch card 150 times. What about the cash back？

　　Changsha Evening News All-Media Reporter Nie Yingrong Intern Cheng Dan

　　If you insist on punching in enough times a year, the gym will refund part of the card amount. I believe many bodybuilders have seen similar "challenge activities" launched by some gyms, but not many can insist on completing the punching. What about the ones that really persisted? Recently, Mr. Ruan from Yuelu District reported to our hotline 96333 that he had previously applied for a similar retirement card at Shiny Fitness Club Times International Store (hereinafter referred to as "Shiny Gym"), and insisted on punching in 150 times as required in the past year. But he asked for cash back, but the gym dragged on. The reporter launched an investigation into this and the market supervision department also intervened in mediation. On September 9, the store completed the cash back.

　　member

　　Completed the "Year Card Challenge", but the cashback time was postponed three times.

　　At the end of July last year, Mr. Ruan and two friends went to the shiny gym near Yulan Road, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District to consult about fitness. A member of the gym named Chen introduced the "Year Card Challenge" cashback activity — — If you apply for an annual card of 1688 yuan here, as long as you punch in the gym for 150 times in one year and exercise for 1 hour each time, the gym can cash back 1288 yuan.

　　"I felt that as long as I persisted, this card was quite favorable." Mr. Ruan said that the membership consultant claimed that the three of them would do it together, and each of them would be given a discount to 20 yuan and a month’s free fitness service, so he and two friends both got this kind of card. In the following year, among the three people, only Mr. Ruan persisted with strong self-discipline and perseverance and completed the "task" of punching in 150 times.

　　Mr. Ruan took out the WeChat chat record and told the reporter that in early August this year, he asked Chen’s membership consultant about cashback. The other party replied: "You come to the front desk to register the bank card account number and the name of the account, and you will get a unified refund at the end of the month." Mr. Ruan registered once as required, but he did not receive the refund until August 31.

　　Subsequently, Mr. Ruan went to the front desk of the gym to report the situation. The staff claimed that it was necessary to wait until September 2 for the financial staff to handle it, but he still did not receive the refund on September 2. On the same day, he contacted the manager of the gym in a "shining fitness member group" with 50 or 60 members, and reflected this problem. That night, the store manager replied in the group that after other members punched in, they would arrange cash back at the beginning of next month (that is, at the beginning of October). Not long after, this WeChat group was dissolved.

　　"I said good cashback before, but later it was delayed." Mr. Ruan said that on the evening of September 3, he came to the gym again to reflect this problem. During the negotiation, he had a dispute with the store staff. The manager finally gave him a reply that he would cash back on October 30. His request for a written commitment from the store was rejected.

　　Store side

　　The oral commitment of the membership consultant is invalid, and cashback requires a process.

　　At 2 o’clock on the afternoon of September 5, the reporter came to the shiny gym and found the store manager Chen Shan. Chen Shan said that they did launch this activity last year, and Mr. Ruan also met the requirement of punching in 150 times. However, Mr. Ruan got a one-month discount when he applied for the card, so the start date of the card is September 1, 2018, and it needs to expire on September 1, 2019. "After his card expires, we can start to do this."

　　Regarding the membership consultant’s previous claim that he would cash back at the end of August, Chen Shan said that the membership consultant was young, and his verbal commitment was invalid, and the store’s membership agreement also clearly stamped the chapter of "oral commitment was invalid". The reporter found that the membership agreement signed by Mr. Ruan did bear the imprint of the above words, which read "This card can be cashed back after 150 times" next to it, but did not specify the specific cashback time limit.

　　Chen Shan said that they are a big company and have a series of procedures to deal with cash back. For members who complete the punch-in task, they need to cash back in batches. "His card will expire on September 1, and we can’t cash it back at once."

　　Then why did you change the cashback time in early October to October 30? Chen Wei said that when Mr. Ruan reflected problems in the WeChat group before, his words were provocative, and later he went to the store to "make trouble", which affected their work and led other members to come to them for this purpose. They need to do more work, so the time is delayed. "I promise here that I will definitely return the money to him on October 30."

　　progress

　　Both parties have signed a dispute mediation document, which has been cashed back.

　　The reporter learned that before this, Mr. Ruan also reported this matter to the market supervision and management department through the 12315 hotline, which was handled by Wangchengpo Supervision Office of Yuelu District Market Supervision Administration.

　　At 3 o’clock on the afternoon of September 5th, the reporter came to Wangchengpo Supervision Office of Yuelu District Market Supervision Administration with Mr. Ruan and Yong Yang, a manager of Shiny Gym Store. The staff of the institute organized mediation between the two parties on the above matters. After nearly an hour of mediation, the two parties reached an agreement that the Shiny Gym would refund 1,288 yuan to Mr. Ruan’s bank card before September 10, 2019. Subsequently, the two sides signed a mediation book on consumer rights disputes. At about 18 o’clock on September 9, Mr. Ruan told reporters that he had received the cash back.

　　lawyer

　　Try to fix the rights and obligations of both parties in writing.

　　Li Jian, a lawyer of Hunan Wanhe United Law Firm, said that according to the Contract Law, if the parties have disputes about the understanding of the terms of the contract, they should determine the true meaning of the terms according to the words used in the contract, the relevant terms of the contract, the purpose of the contract, trading habits and the principle of good faith.

　　Li Jian reminded that in the daily consumption process, citizens should carefully identify the contents related to rebate and stored value, on the one hand, and try to fix the relevant rights and obligations of both parties in writing, such as determining the rebate amount, proportion and time limit. Once you encounter infringement afterwards, you can seek help from market supervision and other departments in time to defend your rights.

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Is a muscular man necessarily healthy？ Have you been shot in these fitness ＂misunderstandings＂？

　　 Swimming can also swim out of the swimming shoulder?

　　Is a muscular man necessarily healthy?

　　Can you jump out of the disease by dancing square dance?

　　Which sports are the elderly suitable for?

　　Around the hot topic of netizens,

　　The reporter interviewed Dr. Wu Liang, director of the Rehabilitation Center of Xiaotangshan Hospital in Beijing.

　　Let him talk about how much you jumped in these common fitness pits.

　　First, swimming

　　Summer is hot,Many sportsmen choose to move to the swimming pool.,

　　Swimming is not only a good way to cool off the heat.,

　　It can also enhance cardiopulmonary function and exercise physical flexibility.,You can also lose weight and burn fat.

　　But some people are getting harder and harder when paddling.,

　　At this time, we should pay attention to the "swimming shoulder".

　　What is a "swimming shoulder"?

　　Shoulder injury caused by excessive shoulder movement during swimming is scientifically called "Shoulder Impact Syndrome", which includes glenoid lip structure injury, tendon injury (biceps brachii and tendon of long head) and related soft tissue injury. Swimming shoulder is the injury with the highest incidence in swimming events.

　　Why do some people get "swimming shoulders"?

　　Abnormal movements, excessive swimming training, improper use of swimming training tools, shoulder joint relaxation and weakened shoulder muscle strength are all important factors that cause swimming shoulder.

　　How to prevent "swimming shoulders"?

　　First, strengthen the strength and improve the stability of the shoulder. Prepare fully for activities, such as bending your head forward and rotating your back 10 ~ 15 times to move your neck; Shoulders shrug, arms draw circles and do chest expansion exercises for 10 ~ 15 times each to move shoulders and chest; Bend your knees, bend your hips, do squats and stand up alternately for 10 ~ 15 times each to move your knees.

　　The second is to maintain the correct posture, the body is in a flat state, the body is relaxed, the movements are stretched, the hand and foot movements are coordinated in place, and the swimming speed is balanced. It is not advisable to be too fast and too hard.

　　The third is to control the time reasonably, and the swimming time should not be too long, no more than one hour at a time.

　　Fourth, adapt to the temperature of the pool water in advance. Before entering the water, swimmers should wet their limbs, chest, abdomen and back with cold water at the edge of the pool or on the shore, so as to gradually adapt to the temperature in the water, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of swimming deformation and cramping.

　　Everyone knows that swimming has a positive effect on the exercise of lumbar, cervical and back muscles and cardiopulmonary function. However, whether you are a swimmer or a novice, you should swim slowly to avoid suffering from "swimming shoulders".　　

　　Second, fitness

　　Mention people who do fitness.,

　　Many people usually think of sunny men who are healthy and full of spirit.

　　Biceps brachii and eight-pack abdominal muscles … …

　　Body-building muscles make men more attractive.,

　　so

　　Is a muscular man necessarily healthy?

　　Muscular men can be divided into five types: capable, lean, thick, fat and rocky, and do not refer to bodybuilders whose muscles are as hard as rocks. The first three kinds pay attention to the coordinated training of muscles, which makes us pursue healthy and beautiful training results, while the latter two kinds should be avoided as much as possible. Excessive emphasis on the transitional training of some muscles will not only cause muscle joint injury, but also cause abnormal development of human body.

　　In order to pursue muscle and increase the intake of protein, the diet structure will be destroyed, which will lead to the lack of nutrition in other organs and systems of the human body, resulting in the impairment of its function. Moreover, excessive muscle exercise will increase the load on the heart and consume more oxygen; More blood is distributed to the muscles; Thereby reducing the blood supply to other tissues. Scientific and reasonable diet, proper exercise and coordinated and balanced development are the real health and beauty.

　　Third, yoga

　　Yoga because "no threshold",

　　Is being loved by more and more people.

　　Is yoga really suitable for everyone?

　　First of all, you should be familiar with all parts of your body, so that you can exert yourself correctly during the practice. Secondly, you should know whether you have diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, or whether you have injuries to cervical vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae, and the injury history of other parts of your body, and avoid doing actions that may cause damage to your body.

　　Furthermore, beginners should avoid practicing yoga alone. They should choose a yoga teacher with professional qualification certificate to guide them, and choose appropriate courses. When practicing, they should wear soft and comfortable yoga clothes and equip them with professional props, such as yoga blankets and bricks, so as to better protect and support their bodies. Finally, the practitioner should fully warm up before practice, and stop immediately if he feels uncomfortable.

　　The following groups of people need to pay special attention when practicing yoga: 1. People who are physically weak or have high blood pressure, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases should pay attention to cultivating their hearts when practicing yoga, and remember not to pursue the amplitude and intensity of movements. Because excessive flexion, extension and rotation can compress the abdomen and lower limbs, increase abdominal pressure, increase venous blood in the heart, increase heart load, and lead to dyspnea or recurrence of old diseases.

　　2. Children should pay special attention to practicing yoga. Although practicing yoga can enhance the flexibility of muscles and ligaments, improper practice of yoga in children with developing bones and soft tissues is likely to cause injuries and sequelae, and even affect their physical development.

　　Fourth, square dance

　　 Whether it’s a street or an alley.,

　　The middle-aged and elderly people dancing in the square dance at night can be described as a great landscape.,

　　Has become a social phenomenon.

　　The role of square dance in fitness and entertainment is self-evident.,

　　What should I pay attention to when dancing?

　　Square dance will also jump out of illness?

　　In terms of time, many square dances now basically take about an hour. Older people should do it step by step and according to their abilities. They should come gradually and stop as soon as they feel uncomfortable. Some movements should not be forced to be in place. Don’t blindly compare movements and dance with each other.

　　From the action, don’t blindly pursue the unity of the whole action, but pursue the difference of everyone. For example, people with low back pain and osteoarthritis should try to avoid twisting, bending and excessive squatting, otherwise it will increase the damage to the waist and joints. If you have a good foundation for long-term exercise, you can do what you can according to your own situation.

　　What diseases can’t people jump? People suffering from coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, cervical disc herniation, and lumbar disc herniation, it is best to consult relevant specialists to understand the exercise methods suitable for them.

　　so,

　　Speaking of which, are you confused?,

　　Don’t worry.,

　　Pay attention to the following principles for the elderly.

　　First of all, we should pay attention to the principle of interest. The old man’s interests, hobbies and habits determine his actions and activities. Therefore, when making exercise prescriptions, the principle of interest should be put in the first place.

　　The second principle of individuality, is the body suitable for exercise? When and what kind of sports will cause further damage, and what diseases are there? This is to be evaluated when choosing a mode of exercise. Our fitness suggestions for the elderly can be summarized by several key words, "long-term, classic, aerobic and outdoor". What is long-term and classic? Quite simply, it is the track events of the Olympic Games, such as walking, running, swimming and cycling.

　　Third, step by step, remember to do what you can. Don’t think one thing a day. If yoga is popular today, you can practice it. If hip-hop is popular tomorrow, you can dance hip-hop and run the day after tomorrow.

　　For example, you can choose to walk slowly at first, then slowly start jogging, and if possible, you can ride a bike and swim. Exercise through this relatively mild and classic exercise. At the same time, in the process of exercise, for example, you can find a special medical institution for scientific evaluation. If some actions are uncomfortable once done, stop immediately and don’t do them.

　　We encourage middle-aged and elderly people to exercise outdoors properly. During the exercise, they should do it step by step and according to their abilities. If they encounter any discomfort, it is best to consult the relevant doctors and not blindly follow the crowd. (Reporter Yuan Wei Ma Yunfei Chen Jie Xing Zi)

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How to play the pan-entertainment social platform in Miyi’s future exploration？

　　Socialization is the interaction in society, entertainment is the spice to make life more interesting, and entertainment social products are a kind of products that establish two-way social relations through entertainment interaction.

　　Under the combination of different media, a variety of online social experiences have been formed, breaking the relationship blockade period and quickly establishing a relationship circle. At the same time, entertainment and social play are becoming more and more abundant, and the social needs of different groups of people are met through diversified interactions.

　　However, as the stock market becomes more and more difficult to do, and the competition on social tracks is getting bigger and bigger, where are the new opportunities? Perhaps, the Z generation users can give us the answer.

　　According to relevant statistics, the social activity of Z-generation users accounts for 83.6%, and nearly 70% of Z-generation users in China use online social networking to expand their circle of friends.

　　They prefer pan-entertainment, love listening to music, playing games, like to try out various apps, and drive social interaction with interesting and entertaining content.

　　As a social product, everyone knows the truth that "the user gets the market". So how do you explore this road? Let’s take the social product Miyi as an example.

　　Miyi was launched in 2020. In the early days, it was a simple chat software, supporting text, voice, video and other communication methods. Later, it gradually enriched the entertainment section and added functions such as dynamic square, live broadcast and family.

　　Because of the late start, everyone remembers Mo Mo, Exploration and Soul, but no one knows this social software called "Miyi".

　　Until later, after innovation and reform, the product gradually added many entertainment elements, attracting a large number of young people to join, and gradually began to become famous, and even once occupied a place in the social list of App Store.

　　In January this year, Internet Weekly, a subsidiary of China Academy of Sciences, published the list of "2023 Dating Apps", and Miyi made the list for the first time with her own strength and reputation.

　　Judging from the current product development direction of Miyi, its positioning is a comprehensive entertainment interactive social platform focusing on making friends and covering various types such as video, live broadcast and community.

　　Video is highly synchronized in real time and highly interactive. Just like real chat and offline meeting, your social signal can get immediate response and feedback.

　　Live broadcast is to enhance the entertainment of social scenes, whether it is performing talents, live PK, or live chat and making friends, it pays more attention to the freshness and excitement of "social+entertainment".

　　The community square is a place where users post dynamic exchange of interests and share bits and pieces, which can be regarded as a tree hole. In addition to supporting text and pictures, it also supports video carriers, and there is no limit on the duration of video.

　　The purpose of the community is to promote user communication. Here, you can share your favorite music, favorite games, favorite books and so on. Connect the community and entertainment to form a larger social entertainment ecosystem and provide users with quality content services.

　　From the scene point of view, compared with the LBS matching function of traditional stranger dating software, Miyi maximizes the attributes of pan-entertainment social platform and pays attention to providing users with more interesting and relaxed social ways.

　　The unique social ecosystem of interest and entertainment can stimulate users to make use of fragmented time for high-frequency entertainment social in teraction, and quickly establish and expand network social relationships on the platform.

　　Of course, as a pan-entertainment social app, in fact, Miyi can also add elements of game interaction in entertainment.

　　The game itself is a kind of entertainment with interactive and multi-modal experience, which "acts under certain goals and rules and finally produces feedback".

　　The purpose of studying gamification is to understand clearly whether the game, as a carrier, can better help a wider range of users to focus on the product core quickly, so as to obtain emotional satisfaction and maintain this social relationship for a long time.

　　We have reason to believe that if the game elements are added, this product will be unique in the social track.

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Spatio-temporal information service in the era of artificial intelligence： you know where you are and what you are doing.

　　[Science to the Future]

　　editorial comment/note

　　In daily life, people always like to ask three questions: when, where are you and what are you doing. More than 90% activity information of human society is related to time and space. Now, spatio-temporal information service has penetrated into all fields of human production and life, and it is as indispensable as water and electricity. It was learned from the 2017 China Geographic Information Industry Conference that with the development of Beidou satellite system in China, China has mastered autonomous, independent and controllable satellite navigation technology, greatly improved its spatio-temporal information service capability, and obtained technical support for new formats such as bike-sharing and driverless. Then, in the era of artificial intelligence, what subversive innovations and surprises will happen in the field of spatio-temporal information services? This edition of Science invited Liu Jingnan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, Li Deren, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, and Guo Renzhong, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, to explain in detail.

　　Liu Jingnan (Academician of China Academy of Engineering):

　　From Spatio-temporal Information to Big Data Service

　　The great challenges and opportunities brought by artificial intelligence to various industries are unprecedented, which will cause industrial changes in the next at least 50 years. The innovation and development of geographic information industry must change the way of thinking, establish the thinking of Internet of Things, big data and time and space, serve the society through cross-border integration, strive for the initiative in the intelligent era, and realize the overall transformation of green and intelligence.

　　As a producer of massive spatio-temporal data, the geographic information industry may be completed by machines in the intelligent era from data collection to data application in all walks of life. For example, with the increasing intelligence, real-time performance and reliability of the precision of intelligent sensor equipment and measuring equipment, the work that needs to be done by people before, even risking their lives, will be done by intelligent equipment and robots. This means that some data collectors in the geographic information industry will probably be replaced by robots.

　　So, does this mean that the geographic information industry is going to decline? The answer is: no!

　　With the progress of science, human demand for space-time services is moving towards real-time and instant, from static to dynamic and high-speed, from rough to accurate and complete, from land to sea and sky, from region to global, from earth to deep space and universe. The existence demand of geographic information determines that it will not disappear in the era of intelligence, but it must complete the transformation from informationization to intelligence.

　　Human beings are increasingly demanding the quality of location services, and the geographic information industry must improve the service quality, including monitoring the environment, human health, personal safety, spatio-temporal dynamics and other aspects more accurately, so as to meet the ever-changing personalized, intelligent, real-time and accurate service requirements in the "internet plus" and intelligent era.

　　In this sense, the geographic information industry will not gradually decline under the impact of the wave of intelligent revolution. The advantages of China geographic information industry in the whole wave of intelligent revolution are: first, the world’s largest demand market for location services and huge space-time location information, which can provide rich data resources for intelligence; Second, the geographic information industry has the right to interpret the spatio-temporal position datum, and the right to formulate the standards of accuracy, characteristics and complexity of spatio-temporal position data.

　　How to help the industry transform? How to meet the different service demands in the era of "internet plus"? How to maximize the potential value of big data through artificial intelligence? In the era of intelligence, the geographic information industry should make use of its own advantages, seize the increasingly high demand for time and space location services in the information age, and realize cross-border integration. For example, a "geographic information brain" can be established by using spatio-temporal data clouds. This "brain" needs to have the abilities of perception, memory and thinking, learning, self-adaptation, and behavior decision-making, and complete the prediction ability through intelligence.

　　How to fully explore and understand the massive big data and unify the spatio-temporal big data with different categories, different precisions and different dimensions into the standard system of data service is a big challenge in the intelligent era. In addition, talents who can transform artificial intelligence knowledge into commercial application value are also in short supply and need to be cultivated urgently. The change of thinking and the influence of independent decision-making brought by the intelligent era are the biggest challenges to the industry and individuals.

　　Li Deren (Academician of China Academy of Sciences, Academician of China Academy of Engineering):

　　Ideas of Earth Observation Brain, Smart City Brain and Smart Phone Brain

　　Now, China has a lot of spatial data. There are satellites in the sky, drones in the air, intelligent driving cars on the ground, video cameras and various sensors, plus people’s mobile phones and smart watches, which generate hundreds of millions of data all the time. Through technological innovation, China’s satellite navigation technology is becoming popular and intelligent, and spatio-temporal information big data and spatio-temporal information cloud platform are being built everywhere.

　　This is the current state of spatial big data, but at present, China’s remote sensing, navigation and communication systems are isolated, information is separated, and space-time services are relatively backward, so we need to improve. Now it is necessary to integrate isolated systems through "multi-network". If spatial big data is to serve well, it must be activated by artificial intelligence.

　　Artificial intelligence involves brain science. The origin of artificial intelligence is a kind of progress in brain science, and the whole world is competing to study it. The United States and Europe have started brain science programs. In recent years, China also attaches great importance to the development and construction of brain cognitive science, and proposes that by 2030, the theory and technology application of artificial intelligence will reach the world’s leading level.

　　Perception, cognition and action is a basic function of human brain, and computers do not have this function. However, if people’s perception, cognition and action are integrated, and spatial big data is combined with artificial intelligence, many "smart brains" can be formed. The author conceived three "wisdom brains", such as:

　　First, "Earth observation brain": Earth observation brain is analogous to human brain, which has visual and auditory functions and obtains information through visual and auditory functions. Earth observation brain transmits satellite data in the sky to the ground to meet people’s requirements through big data and cloud computing. This brain is an automatic recognition system of brain cognition and perception, which completes the cognition and processing of data through remote sensing communication of satellites in the sky.

　　The key problem to be solved in earth observation brain is to provide services on demand. It is necessary to break through major key technologies such as satellite-based navigation enhancement technology, integrated network communication technology between heaven and earth, multi-source imaging data on-orbit processing technology, space-based information intelligent terminal service technology, space-based resource scheduling and network security, integrated nonlinear earth reference frame construction technology, and load-based satellite platform design and development technology.

　　Second, the operation center of a smart city should be made into a "smart city brain". Smart cities have sensor networks and cloud computing. They are the "cloud brains" of smart cities that feel the interaction between people and cars in real time. Using big data to improve the operation and management level of cities and engaging in big data value-added services can provide real-time services for all walks of life. It can be supported by geographic information system, which is based on real-time data to analyze feelings. It is necessary to gain insight into data management and realize smart cities on the cloud. Such management can improve the level of smart cities, and the operation center of smart cities should be made into the brain of smart cities.

　　Third, there must be a large number of sensors to make the mobile phone a "smart phone brain" to help the owner. In the evolution of smart phones, human behavior can be inferred from the data in the phone, which can understand the owner’s behavior and psychology and remind people what to do and what not to do. Using big data system for reasoning, the mobile phone knows whether the owner is walking or surfing the Internet at home. Through data analysis and reasoning, a conclusion is drawn in the mobile phone. For example, if the owner falls in the snow for 5 minutes, he can automatically dial 110 or notify his family to save him. Such a mobile phone is a real smart phone.

　　There are many applications of artificial intelligence in geographic information industry. For example, automatic change detection and real-time processing of UAV high score data. The innovation of sensors should develop in the direction of artificial intelligence and brain intelligence, similar to earth observation brain, smart city brain and smart phone brain. Only by grasping these frontiers can geographic information industry become a big industry needed by all mankind. Spatio-temporal geographic information used to be static, but now it must move towards a new stage of intelligence.

　　Guo Renzhong (Academician of China Academy of Engineering):

　　Big data will make urban management smarter.

　　The arrival of the era of big data and artificial intelligence makes people look forward to the geographic information industry.

　　At present, there are not only data uploaded by mobile Internet, but also data of space remote sensing. When the amount of data is large, it will be found that the value of data is not positively related to the amount of data, which makes people think, how can data generate value? Spatio-temporal information, if using big data and developing towards artificial intelligence, will have great application space. Many emerging industries need spatio-temporal information to support them, such as bike-sharing. China’s geographic information industry is still in the "farming era". If the data link is further extended, the added value of data may increase a lot. For example, many places are now building smart cities, which need a lot of geographic information data to support them. From this perspective, the spatio-temporal information service should not only be satisfied with providing very beautiful and accurate traditional data, but also provide data that is more in line with the terminal and meets the needs of users.

　　For example, the national geographic information survey has spent a lot of manpower and material resources, which can not only provide image records, but also provide a lot of value-added services. However, this value-added service is different from the professional technology possessed by traditional geographic information practitioners, and the business and products have to cross borders to have greater value, which cannot be satisfied with providing original data and products. In the process of cross-border, big data plays an important role and needs to be combined with artificial intelligence to find a better service path.

　　What is the use of spatio-temporal data information in smart cities? For example, make a distribution analysis of the resident population and the employed population in Shenzhen. A person has two most frequent places — — Home address and workplace. From home to work in the morning, and from work to home in the evening, he has to go through the relevant traffic network. In this way, he can know the traffic flow and traffic pressure of different road networks by means of big data, thus doing bus route optimization and road planning optimization for this traffic network. Big data will make urban management smarter.

　　Now, a lot of geographic information data still exists in the databases of relevant departments, so it is necessary to turn them into "clouds" to realize socialized sharing and socialized services. When it becomes a "cloud", it should not only be able to dynamically update and fully perceive, but also be able to quickly access the Internet for easy use; At the same time, we should be able to deeply integrate geographic information with other information of the city to form a socialized urban information, and then carry out relevant deep mining and application on this basis to promote urban management to be intelligent.

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Interview after MWC Exhibition ｜ Whale Technology accelerates overseas layout to help customers release digital productivity

Thousands of miles away, on the other side of the ocean, Internet service applications, from mobile payment, e-commerce to small program platforms, which are very mature in China, are blossoming overseas with the successful mode of digital transformation of China market exported by a batch of outstanding enterprises. Whale technology, which is committed to becoming the world’s leading provider of digital technology and services, is one of them that deserves great attention.

"Whale Technology has been exploring the international market since 2005, and has provided digital technology and services to telecom operators, public service departments and customers in other industries in more than 80 countries and regions around the world." Cao Zhenzhong, chief marketing officer of Whale Technology (International), said in an exclusive interview with C114 after MWC24 Barcelona, "China market has rich technological innovation and practical experience in the digital field, and Whale Technology is actively applying these successful cases and technical experience to overseas market projects. On the one hand, we join hands with overseas operators to accelerate our own digital transformation; On the other hand, on top of the modern digital infrastructure of operators, the digital economy of the market we serve is also entering the fast lane of development, and the whole society is benefiting from it. "

Future first-mover connection

"Future First" is the theme of this year’s MWC24 Barcelona, and the deep integration of 5G and AI has become one of the most concerned topics of this year’s participants. From the commercialization of 5G in 2019 to the announcement that China telecom operators will start the large-scale deployment of 5G-A, the evolution and upgrading of technology has never stopped. An obvious truth is that technology empowers business value, and conversely, the realization of business value will also promote technology to go further. However, in the telecom industry, realizing such a positive cycle is becoming an urgent problem for the whole industry.

When Whale Technology was founded in 2003, the mobile communication market was still in the 2G era, and the demographic dividend made telecom operators enjoy a long-lasting barbaric and extensive growth. At that time, it was even dubbed as "the era of making money while lying down". Nowadays, most telecom operators in the world are facing the embarrassing situation that their revenue growth is slowing down, or even OTT companies are grabbing most of their profits. This is no secret in the industry. Then, as a company that has taken the communication industry as its main development channel since its establishment, how does Whale Technology help operators to meet such challenges?

"Our BSS and OSS suites are powerful tools to support operators to realize 5G realization." Cao Zhenzhong said that the latest telecommunications BSS/OSS suite exhibited by Whale Technology at MWC24 is not only equipped with AI-driven sales, marketing and service platforms, but also can help operators improve customer acquisition efficiency and the life cycle value of existing customers. At the same time, cloud native technology and process automation technology can be used to help enterprises simplify internal workflows and improve operational efficiency.

In addition, in terms of self-intelligent network, telecom operators can use the technology of Whale Technology to build a modern network and operating environment, and improve network scalability, reliability and resource utilization. As for how to monetize 5G, Whale Technology can cooperate with telecom operators, especially overseas operators, to bring innovative technologies and services that have been verified in China market to the market together, and help them gradually shift from 5G B2C to B2B and then to B2B2X and other fields, thus expanding their income sources.

Beyond connection, from paving the way to empowerment, from basic communication connection service provider to digital service provider, this is the core of the answer given by Cao Zhenzhong in an interview.

Last year, at MWC23, GSMA proposed the Open Gateway initiative, hoping to unify and open the network capabilities in the telecommunications network through API, and reproduce the magical effects brought by global voice roaming in that year, thus providing new possibilities for 5G revenue generation. This year, GSMA announced at MWC24 that as many as 47 mobile operator groups (representing 65% of global connections), including the three major operators in China, have signed the Open Gateway plan.

"We believe that the opening of telecom network capacity will bring new revenue opportunities to operators. Especially in the B2B market, operators mainly sell connectivity, cloud resources and resell third-party services. However, in order to enhance the stickiness with partners, operators must open their own capabilities and embed them into third-party services. This can not only increase the profit of B2B business, but also improve the stickiness with partners, and at the same time become a differentiation factor for operators from hyperscalers. If these capabilities are effectively standardized, it can also reduce the integration cost of global partners and promote the development of the entire ecosystem. " Cao Zhenzhong said.

It is also in this context that Whale Technology demonstrated a complete B2B solution at MWC24, covering the B2B support system of operators and TaaS(Telco as a Service). According to reports, TaaS includes a series of solutions, including not only messaging platform as a service (river map) products in the traditional network/communication capability open field, Video Intelligence in the data and AI capability open field, AIGCortex platform (large model platform) and application scenarios, but also operational capability open solutions such as SuperAPP and DMC (digital marketing cloud). Moreover, these solutions have been commercialized and verified in China, Singapore, South America and other markets. At the same time, Whale Technology is also strengthening cooperation with important industry organizations such as GSMA, hoping to actively contribute to ecological construction.

No China, no world.

Huang Yuhong, president of China Mobile Research Institute, recalled MWC2024 Barcelona, and said that besides "no 5G, no AI", there was also "no China, no globe".

In South America, which is separated from Wan Li, as a representative enterprise of China’s technology "going out to sea", Whale Technology helped South American operator Claro to build a Super APP based on small programs and build a local ecology. At the same time, the company held the "Mini Program Super APP Competition" in conjunction with Universidad de La Sabana and Claro in Colombia, aiming at inspiring the younger generation to explore and explore small programs. After receiving the professional training of Whale Science and Technology Instructor, the students of Universidad de La Sabana designed and developed a small program that can solve practical problems in campus life within two weeks. This activity not only allows students to understand and apply knowledge in practice, but also helps local people to cultivate digital talents. It also makes the innovative technology of applet more widely promoted in the American continent, and it is an attempt to integrate science and technology, business and education.

In C114′ s view, the rich ICT experience and industry insight accumulated in the telecommunications field from the 2G to 5G era, coupled with the super blessing of cloud technology and Internet industry experience, has successfully changed from a software service provider to a "digital intelligence service professional company" that understands the telecommunications ICT field, cloud services and Internet genes, which is also the basis for its ability to compete and cooperate with industry giants in overseas markets.

Take the LPC (Local Public Cloud) solution provided by Whale Technology for overseas markets as an example. This solution realizes the efficient operation of major cloud platforms through its self-developed CRE engine. "Our LPC solution enables IDC customers or carrier customers to transform into cloud service operators. They can choose a suitable cloud base scheme according to their own needs and build a cloud infrastructure that meets their own needs. Zain, a Saudi operator, is one of the successful cases. LPC not only meets the requirements of Zain and the Saudi government for data security and data protection, but also achieves sustainable development in business. " Cao Zhenzhong told us that LPC scheme can greatly reduce the threshold for customers to intervene in cloud computing and digital transformation, and provide new infrastructure options for digital transformation of overseas customers.

We have noticed that this scheme has been quoted by Gartner as the sample vendor of the "sovereign cloud". Gartner’s latest forecast also shows that by 2027, 70% of enterprises adopting generative AI will take sustainable development and digital sovereignty as the primary criteria for choosing public cloud generative AI services. In view of this, the LPC scheme is also constantly developing. At this year’s MWC24, Whale Technology launched the Local X series under the background of "digital sovereignty". Local X includes a series of local applications, such as Local Mobile Payment, LocalGPT, Local SuperAPP, Local Security and so on. These digital infrastructures can help a country to establish local, controllable facilities that meet the national regulatory requirements, while Whale Technology has the ability to plan, build and operate such digital infrastructures.

In fact, since 2005, Whale Technology has continuously increased its overseas layout. Up to now, Whale Technology has covered 150+ mainstream telecom operators in more than 80 countries or regions on six continents, serving nearly 1.8 billion end users. In the field of cloud computing and industry digitalization, Whale Technology is the core cloud MSP partner of Alibaba Cloud, and its LPC products have been commercialized in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, South Africa and other countries. Up to now, Whale Technology has set up several R&D centers or branches in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Colombia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Thailand, India and other countries.

"A year’s plan lies in spring". After the opening ceremony of MWC24 in Barcelona, Cao Zhenzhong also conveyed to C114 the company’s determination and development goal to continue to deepen overseas markets in the future: with the arrival of the new year, Whale Technology will continue to uphold and practice the "STRATO" strategy of digital transformation 2.0 in the international market. Due to the increasing demand for digital infrastructure, supervision and security in overseas national strategies, LPC-based Local X will become an important development direction. At the same time, the company will gradually move from the telecom operator industry to the digitalization of other industries such as finance and cross-industry digitalization capacity building in order to achieve sustained growth.

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Shaanxi launched the reading action for young students, making reading and learning a lifelong pursuit.

　　Cctv news On April 23rd, the launching ceremony of the reading action for young students in Shaanxi Province was held in beilin district University South Road Primary School in Xi ‘an.

　　Zhao Changbao, member of the Education Working Committee of Shaanxi Provincial Committee and deputy director of the Provincial Education Department, attended the launching ceremony and delivered speeches. liuhong, member of the Party Committee and deputy director of Xi ‘an Education Bureau, and Zhang Fan, deputy secretary of Beilin District Committee and district head, delivered speeches.

Representatives of teachers and students chanted "Please rest assured that the powerful country has me!"! 》

Representatives of teachers and students chanted "Please rest assured that the powerful country has me!"! 》

　　Zhao Yubao stressed that it is necessary to put the reading action of young students on the important agenda, improve the working mechanism, strengthen overall coordination and classified guidance, avoid increasing the burden on students, teachers and parents, and avoid utilitarian tendencies and formalism. It is necessary to closely combine the reading action with school education and teaching, after-school service activities and students’ daily life, and closely combine it with red education, scientific inquiry, practical experience and voluntary service. At the same time, I hope that students can read both written books and "non-written books", improve their independent thinking ability, sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability in the process of reading thousands of books and traveling in Wan Li, and make reading and learning a lifelong pursuit.

　　At the launching ceremony, representatives of teachers and students from kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, vocational schools and institutions of higher learning jointly read "Please rest assured that a strong country has me! 》。

　　The ceremony was conducted in a combination of online and offline. Responsible comrades from Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Provincial Education Department of Provincial Education Committee, Provincial Network Information Office, Provincial Cultural Tourism Department, Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, Communist Youth League Committee, Provincial Women’s Federation, Provincial Association for Science and Technology, Xi ‘an Education Bureau, beilin district Municipal Government and other departments attended the ceremony. Responsible comrades of education, publicity, culture, mass organizations and other departments in cities and counties attended the meeting at the same level.

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Tie the rope in summer and play the game of fighting eggs … Why do long summer have these customs？

　　Beijing, May 5 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) "The trees are shaded in summer, and the balcony reflects into the pond." Long summer is the seventh solar term in the traditional twenty-four solar terms and the first solar term in summer, indicating the official start of the Meng Xia season.

　　Because of its important guiding significance to agricultural activities, long summer has been attached great importance since its establishment. At the same time, in order to cope with the increasingly hot weather, people have gradually formed a series of interesting folk customs, and activities such as "fighting eggs" and "weighing people" are still popular.

　　The significance of solar terms in long summer

　　Among the 24 solar terms, long summer was established earlier. It indicates the change of seasons, which was considered as the beginning of summer in ancient times.

Data Map: The "long summer" solar term indicates the end of spring and the arrival of summer. The picture shows that the corn seedlings in the fields in Ganzhou District of Zhangye are thriving in the morning light. Photo by Chen Li

　　For the meaning of this solar term, twenty-four solar term explains: "It is also the beginning of the establishment, the summer, the holiday, and everything is fake at this time." The "false" here means "big", which means that the plants sown in spring have grown upright.

　　In terms of climate, people are accustomed to regard long summer as an important solar term for the growth of crops in the peak season, with the obvious increase of temperature and thunderstorm.

　　In long summer, everything is flourishing. It is recorded in the ancient book: "On the day of Meng Xia, heaven and earth began to meet, and everything was beautiful." At this time, the summer harvest crops have entered the late growth stage, and their year is basically a foregone conclusion, so there is a saying that "long summer sees summer".

　　Why did the ceremony of welcoming summer be held in ancient times?

　　The ancients believed that summer was the season when the yang was high, and welcoming and spending summer were the main contents of seasonal beliefs and ceremonies in summer. Folk expert Xiao Fang mentioned in "Twenty-four solar terms and folk customs" that "long summer, as the beginning of summer, has been valued by people since ancient times."

　　In ancient times, on this day in long summer, the emperor would lead hundreds of officials to the southern suburbs of Beijing to welcome the summer and hold a ceremony to welcome the summer. Both the monarch and the minister should wear a scarlet dress with a scarlet jade pendant, and even the horses and car flags should be scarlet to express their good wishes for a bumper harvest.

　　With the passage of time, long summer customs have become richer and more perfect.

Data Map: Children have an egg-fighting competition. Photo by Dou Yuewen

　　Liu Dong, a Ming Dynasty man, recorded in "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital": "Open the ice in summer and give it to the civil and military ministers." It can be seen that in the Ming Dynasty, on the day of long summer, Ling Guan, who was in charge of the ice administration in the imperial court, would dig out the ice stored in the winter cellar, cut it up and give it to the officials by the emperor.

　　In the folk, ordinary people will drink cold drinks to cool off the heat. In the Song Dynasty, there were already many kinds of cold drinks. It is said that there is also the custom of cooking tender broad beans in summer in Jiangnan water town.

　　Tie the "summer rope" and "weigh people" to check fat and thin.

　　Around long summer, the people have also formed interesting customs, involving various aspects such as diet and games.

　　Due to the high temperature in summer, people are prone to discomfort, such as not thinking about diet and so on. Therefore, to "weigh people" in the summer is to weigh people, mainly the elderly and children, with scales.

Data Map: The "long summer" solar term means that summer is no longer far away. In Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province, local people have carried out traditional folk activities such as playing with eggs, eating peas and glutinous rice and weighing themselves to welcome the arrival of summer. Photo by Deng Longhua

　　Then, after the summer is over, weigh yourself again and compare it with the previous weight, so as to check your health and adjust your body in time. In addition, people will tie a "summer rope" to their children: tie a five-color silk thread to their wrists and other places to express their desire to eliminate summer heat.

　　Or, adults will cook a few eggs, and children will play "egg-fighting" games in groups of three or five. The egg is divided into two ends, the tip is the head, and the round one is the tail. When fighting eggs, the egg head hits the egg head, and the egg tail hits the egg tail. The loser gives up and finally wins.

　　At this time, "long summer Rice" is a special diet: people mix rice with beans of five colors, such as red beans and soybeans, and eat it after steaming. According to folklore experts, this kind of long summer rice is also called five-color rice, which means to balance the five elements and give people spiritual encouragement.

　　Xiao Fang said that the 24 solar terms are a cultural technology for us to grasp the growth time of crops, observe the laws of animal activities and understand the rhythm of human life. It is also a traditional interest in time life to taste spring in beginning of spring and enjoy tea in Qingming Festival.

　　In addition, people live in nature, and only by conforming to nature can they live a happier life. He believes that people should consciously inherit the civilized wealth of the 24 solar terms, respect natural time, respect the rhythm of life, and enjoy colorful natural time life.

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Anonymous for 30 years, casting a nuclear shield for the country ｜ Initial Story

　　This year’s National Day military parade, under the light of Dongfeng-41 and Dongfeng-17, the debut of "Brother Pingtou" Julang-2 was slightly low-key, but its status and strength should not be underestimated. As a strategic nuclear weapon and nuclear counterattack force, Julang-2, a submarine-launched long-range ballistic missile with a strategic submarine as the launching platform, is known as the sword of a big country and the anchor of the sea.

　　Behind the nuclear "huge wave" for our country, we can’t do without the figure of an old man. He is the chief designer of China’s first nuclear submarine, the main designer of China’s first nuclear power plant and the main technical director of the first nuclear power plant.

　　He is Peng Shilu, a senior academician of China Academy of Engineering, a nuclear power expert and the son of revolutionary martyr Peng Pai.　

　　Dianpei childhood

　　For many people, childhood is the best time in life, but for Peng Shilu, it is an exception. Peng Shilu’s father, Peng Pai, was the leader of the early peasant movement of our party. When Peng Shilu was 3 years old, his mother, Cai Suping, died. A year later, his father, Peng Pai, was secretly killed in Longhua, Shanghai at the age of 33.

　　△ Peng Pai, Peng Yuren and Peng Shilu took a group photo, and Peng Pai kissed "Peng Pai and his little darling"

　　In order to avoid the "extermination" of the Kuomintang government, Peng Shilu began a life of drift from place to place, experienced an unimaginable prison, and even once became a beggar. It was not until 1940 that Zhou Enlai asked someone to find Peng Shilu and sent him to Yan ‘an, which ended his wandering life.

　　△ In July 1933, the Kuomintang government published a large number of photos of Peng Shilu’s imprisonment in Nanshan and Guangzhou Daily, with the words "The son of communist bandit Peng Pai was captured by my ninth division".

　　Become attached to the nucleus

　　In Yan ‘an Middle School, Peng Shilu’s classmates all like to call him "the old monitor". Peng Shilu often said to his classmates, "Our parents have fought cruelly, and some of them have died. If we don’t study hard, how can we be worthy of our parents and the party?"

　　In 1951, Peng Shilu was chosen to study in the Soviet Union. While Peng Shilu was studying hard, a great event happened in the United States: in 1952, the first nuclear-powered submarine was successfully launched on the east coast of the United States.

　　In 1956, Chen Geng, Vice Minister of National Defense, visited the Soviet Union and secretly called Peng Shilu. Chen Geng asked him: "The Central Committee has decided to choose a group of international students to study atomic energy and nuclear power. Are you willing to change careers?" "As long as the motherland needs it, of course I am willing." Since then, Peng Shilu has forged an indissoluble bond with the nuclear cause.

　　△ Peng Shilu is in the Soviet Union

　　Serve the country

　　At the end of 1950s, Peng Shilu returned to China and was assigned to work in the Atomic Energy Institute, focusing on nuclear power. In 1959, the Soviet Union refused to provide assistance for the development of nuclear submarines on the grounds that the technology was complicated and China did not have the conditions. To this end, Mao Zedong proposed that "nuclear submarines should be built in 10,000 years!" Self-reliance and hard work have become the reality that Peng Shilu and his colleagues must face.

　　At that time, the country was in economic difficulties and there was a shortage of talents, but Peng Shilu and his colleagues had high morale. "In difficult times, we all ate Wowotou to engage in nuclear submarines, and sometimes even Wowotou didn’t have enough to eat. Food is not enough, dig wild vegetables and Chinese cabbage roots to eat … … At that time, there was no computer, so I pulled the slide rule and struck the abacus. So much data is calculated day and night. " Peng Shilu recalled.

　　"At the command, pack your backpack and go", Peng Shilu bid farewell to his wife and children and went to Sichuan alone to preside over the construction of the first 1: 1 onshore simulated reactor test base for nuclear power plants in China.

　　△ Peng Shilu and General Nie Li (the daughter of Marshal Nie Rongzhen) are investigating in the workshop.

　　In June, 1965, the blueprint for the onshore simulated reactor of nuclear power plant and submarine assembly was designed, and Peng Shilu, together with his family and his comrades, secretly came to a remote ravine in Sichuan, which was full of thorns and wild flowers. Here, the living area is dozens of miles away from the working area, and there is no fuel and vegetables. Children have no way to go to school and start nursery school, so they can only be locked at home to keep company with picture books … …

　　△ First-generation nuclear submarine land model reactor building

　　Overcoming all kinds of difficulties unimaginable to ordinary people, on July 1, 1971, China’s nuclear submarine succeeded in nuclear power generation for the first time; On August 1st, 1974, the magnificent military music echoed in the blue North Sea. China’s first nuclear submarine was named "Long March 1", which was formally incorporated into the battle sequence of the People’s Navy. Mao Zedong’s wish of "catching turtles in five oceans" was finally realized!

　　△ Group photo of four chief engineers of the first generation nuclear submarine project (from left to Zhao Renkai, Peng Shilu, Huang Weilu and Huang Xuhua)

　　It took only six years for China to become the fifth country with nuclear submarines after the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and France. Behind the "miracle", it is inseparable from the hard work and sweat of scientific research workers headed by Peng Shilu.

　　Pioneer of nuclear power

　　It is the lifelong wish of nuclear power experts including Peng Shilu to serve the society and realize the ideal of peaceful use of nuclear energy. After the successful development of nuclear submarines, Peng Shilu turned from military industry to civilian field, and devoted himself to the research and creation of nuclear power plants, making outstanding contributions to Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant and Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant Phase II project.

　　In April 1991, according to General Zhang Aiping’s proposal, China State Shipbuilding Corporation organized forces to write about the birth of China’s missile nuclear submarine. Only then did Peng Shilu’s deeds become known to people. Many people at home and abroad praised him as "the father of China’s nuclear submarines" and "the founder of China’s nuclear power plant", which Peng Shilu firmly opposed.

　　"I just cooperated with my colleagues and did what I should do for China’s nuclear cause." This is a phrase that Peng Shilu often talks about.

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