分类归档 E5

　　The way people read through mobile phones has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are convenience and large quantity. On the negative side, it may be easy to make thinking fragmented and reading fast food. How long have you been impatient to read the whole book — —

　　How to "Open" Modern Literary Classics

　　Borges, a famous Argentine novelist, said: "Classics are books that a nation or several nations have decided to read for a long time. They are books that people from generation to generation read with early enthusiasm and mysterious loyalty for different reasons." Since the late Qing dynasty, modern literature has only been more than a hundred years. Compared with the ancient literary classics that have been precipitated for thousands of years, the modern literary classics that have been washed out for more than a hundred years are very different.

　　Facing the classics of modern literature,

　　What should we do?

　　First of all, the simplest thing is to face the work directly. Classics are sometimes daunting, so we should have the sincerity and patience to read them. Secondly, the works will be included in the coordinates of literary history. Place the work in a broader coordinate system instead of understanding it in isolation. Third, look for gaps and prototypes. What is the gap in this work? Where is the unexpected place of the author? Can a work extract a certain prototype until it finds its own way of dialogue with the work? The so-called application method or looking for a gap prototype is an attempt to establish an understanding based on one’s own feelings about the work. Reading classics is actually a way to express ourselves, rather than reading classics as a task. It is the classics that constitute the background color of a person’s humanistic quality. Therefore, classics should eventually return to the way of dialogue between readers and works. When you use all kinds of reading methods freely, you may find your own way to talk about classics. This way belongs to you alone, and no one can take it away.

　　Rearrange the order for Chinese literature in the 20th century.

　　Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Lao She and Cao Yu (hereinafter referred to as "Lu, Guo, Mao, Ba, Lao and Cao") are six modern literary writers we are familiar with. Until today, our understanding of modern literature is still in the hierarchical order of literary history laid by these six writers. They occupy an important position in the territory of modern literary history. However, according to the classic view of constructivism, their classic pattern is not static.

　　The selection of "Top 100 Chinese Novels in the 20th Century" was a literary classic construction activity in the late 1990s. At that time, the 20th century was coming to an end, and Hong Kong’s Asia Weekly invited heavyweight scholars and writers to jointly select the top 100 Chinese novels in the 20th century. Personally, I attach great importance to this list, because the judges include not only mainland scholars in China, but also scholars from Hong Kong and Taiwan and overseas scholars. It provides a larger evaluation field of vision. After the selection results were released, we found that the first place was Lu Xun’s Scream, the second was Shen Congwen’s Border Town, the third was Lao She’s Camel Xiangzi, the fourth was Zhang Ailing’s Legend, the fifth was Qian Zhongshu’s Fortress Besieged, the sixth was Mao Dun’s Midnight, and the seventh was Bai Xianyong’s Taipei Man. — Liu E’s Travels of the Old Handicapped.

　　These ten classic works coincide with the modern literary classics we have known before, but they are somewhat unexpected: For example, Taipei Man, Biography of Hulan River and Travel Notes of the Old Disabled are not only on the list, but also in the top ten! This result surprised some people. Moreover, among these 100 works, there are many works by popular writers such as Zhuan Lou Zhu, Jin Yong, Gu Long, Liang Yusheng, Qiong Yao, Yi Shu and Li Bihua. "Hundreds of Excellent China Literature Books in a Hundred Years" is also a reliable classic reading bibliography. These are the 100 most important Chinese literature books in the 20th century jointly recommended by China mainland scholars and publishing institutions in the 1990s.

　　Not all masterpieces

　　Are the best works of writers.

　　Masterpieces are often the guiding choice of classic texts. Generally speaking, masterpieces are works that represent the writer’s creative level, but not all masterpieces are the best works of writers. When evaluating a work in the history of literature, the social influence of the work is a very important consideration index, but a work with social influence may not necessarily have a higher literary level.

　　For example, when we talk about new poetry, we will definitely talk about Hu Shi’s Trial Collection, because Hu Shi is the first person to write new poetry in a century, and there would be no modern new poetry without Trial Collection. However, if we take the new poems in Trial Collection as the standard of new poems, it is obviously to reduce the standard of new poems to the toddler stage. Therefore, although Hu Shi’s works are masterpieces of new poetry, they are definitely not the essence of new poetry. Another example is a mature writer like Ba Jin. His Home is indeed an excellent work, but it is not the most mature work of Ba Jin. Ba Jin’s writing can be divided into three stages: youth, middle age and old age. Young Ba Jin wrote the love trilogy Fog Rain Electricity and the torrent trilogy Home Spring Autumn. However, Ba Jin’s best works should be the trilogy of life "Cold Night", "The Fourth Ward" and "Resting Garden" written in middle age.

　　Comparing Home with Cold Night, there is no doubt that Home is more influential, because it provides a proposition of the times, showing the collapse of a big family and the tragedy of youth enlightenment. Therefore, Home has a strong social response. Ba Jin, who is in the period of youth writing, has the first emotion, but when emotion occupies the center of writing, it is an obstacle to the depth of writing. Therefore, if you read Home carefully, you will feel that there are both young people’s unique enthusiasm and youth’s unique shallowness. In the 1940s, Ba Jin’s creation entered a mature stage. Cold Night is a story about a man who is caught between his mother and his wife. But this is only the surface of the story. What the novel really wants to express is that during the war years, young people full of blood gradually lost their dreams under the torture of life. Cold Night was born at the time of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and the whole novel was very sad. People usually think that the Anti-Japanese War has been won, the suffering has ended and a great nation has stood up. But in Cold Night, Ba Jin put forward a profound proposition: Does the victory of the Anti-Japanese War mean that all the problems in life can be solved? Ba Jin stepped into middle age from youth. Although his emotion changed from enthusiasm to condensation, it made his works more infectious and moved us more. Cold Night is also Ba Jin’s masterpiece, but compared with Home, readers are unfamiliar with it.

　　A good writer should constantly break

　　Readers’ reading expectation

　　There is an important concept in reception aesthetics called "reading expectation", which means that before we enter a literary work, we will have a general expectation for this work by virtue of our existing reading accumulation. For example, we haven’t read Lu Xun’s novels before, but from our understanding of Lu Xun, we know that Lu Xun is a great enlightener, thinker, revolutionary and a great writer. These constitute the most basic judgment for us to read Lu Xun. When Lu Xun’s works conform to this judgment, we will think that our judgment and understanding are correct. On the contrary, we will be surprised: Lu Xun actually wrote like this!

　　Formalism focuses on the artistic expression of the text and the strength of the form of the work. For example, when we look at a work, we feel that it is very old-fashioned and lacking in merit. And sometimes we will find that some works are very clever, similar to those we have read before, but different, and feel very novel. In fact, this is the so-called defamiliarization — — Our existing literary understanding is not enough to explain it, and it presents us with new challenges.

　　For example, Lu Xun’s New Stories, many of which are very playful, are not quite the same as our understanding of Lu Xun’s serious style. This constitutes the so-called defamiliarization. A good writer should constantly break the reader’s reading expectation. Therefore, great writers often don’t follow the old habits, but have multiple faces. One Hundred Years of Solitude is a great masterpiece, but Marquez has not only One Hundred Years of Solitude, but also excellent works such as Love in Cholera Period, Colonel who has no one to write to him, Old Man with Giant Wings and Dead Leaves. On closer reading, you will find that the styles of these works are quite different. One Hundred Years of Solitude is the pinnacle of magical realism, while The Colonel who has no one to write to him is a solid realistic narrative, and Love in Cholera Period is called "the greatest love novel in the world". If you read Love in Cholera with the expectation of reading One Hundred Years of Solitude, you will find that it completely disappoints your expectation, which in turn gives us a brand-new reading experience. Marquez is always challenging our reading expectations. Formalism criticism focuses on whether a work breaks our expectations and provides a strange reading experience.

　　The works of women writers

　　Suitable for interpretation from feminist perspective

　　Today, men’s discrimination against women still exists and is often ignored by us. Feminism tries to embody this discrimination in the context of our ignorance. Therefore, the works of female writers are very suitable to be interpreted from a feminist perspective. For example, Zhang Ailing’s works sometimes give us an anti-feminist feeling.

　　In "Love in a Fallen City", Bai Liusu tried every means to marry Fan Liuyuan, and they tried every means and struggled. Finally, the Pacific War broke out, Hong Kong fell, overturned a city and made a love. From the standpoint of feminism, the ultimate meaning of a woman’s life is not given by a man, but what Bai Liusu wants in Love in the City is to marry Fan Liuyuan. Isn’t this an anti-feminist writing? This anti-feminist writing reflects Zhang Ailing’s irony of feminism. Zhang Ailing is actually standing in a higher feminist position. She believes that Bai Liusu’s story really falls into the so-called "feminist dilemma", that is, it seems that a woman can only achieve perfection in a certain sense if she is attached to a man. Zhang Ailing expressed her distrust of radical feminism by describing the process that Bai Liusu tried to enter the role that male chauvinism wanted women to enter.

　　Lu Yin and Xiao Hong’s works are full of feminism, but such feminism can’t really change the situation of women. Comparing Xiao Hong and Zhang Ailing, Xiao Hong’s feminism is highly prominent. Before she died, she said a few words, one of which was "the sky of women is low". Xiao Hong, trapped in the depths of feminism, met different men all her life, but never gained emotional security. Zhang Ailing is different from her. Zhang Ailing understands the illusion and imagination of this feminist writing, so her Love in the City expresses her feminist position in an ironic way. This is an important angle for us to interpret literary works.

　　Avoid falling into the "orientalist trap"

　　Adopting the perspective of colonialism and post-colonialism, this is a new perspective to interpret the text with the development of cultural studies. Let’s take a movie example to illustrate post-colonialism. The fifth generation directors, such as Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige, made many so-called "folk customs" in their films in the 1980s, such as the sedan chair and wine offering in Red Sorghum, the light sealing and foot beating in Red Lantern Hanging High, and the rain praying in Chen Kaige’s film Yellow Land, etc. The fifth generation directors hope that the oriental culture will be revived on the screen. However, if we look at it from the post-colonial point of view of Said and others, when the fifth-generation directors desperately show the folk wonders of the oriental nation in their films, they just fall into the so-called Orientalism trap.

　　What is Orientalism? Generally speaking, westerners’ understanding of the East does not come from actual observation of the East, but from reading and watching literary and artistic works that describe the East. Westerners artificially establish the leading position of the West, and when they describe the East, they often create a so-called "grade difference" — — The East is a fascinating foreign land waiting for the West to discover. The meaning of this sentence is that only when the west discovers it can the beauty of the East be presented. This is the so-called Orientalism. Zhang Yimou and the fifth generation of directors he represents, in their films, present the orient, which is actually a kind of so-called self-orientalization. They present China’s aesthetic feeling in the way of "self-orientalization", at the same time, they give westerners a way to understand and observe China through movies, which will inevitably lead westerners to fail to objectively and truly understand China.

　　A similar situation occurs in literary works. For example, Jing M.Guo’s Tiny Times, which is deeply loved by young people, can also be viewed from a post-colonial perspective as a book with a wide reading rate and influence among young people. Under the background of globalization, Jing M.Guo completed his own naming for this era. He named this era of globalization as a small era, reminding us to rethink the center and edge.

　　(Ma bing　The author is a professor at the College of Literature of Shandong University, and the article is selected from "Reading Classics" by Shanda Literature Life Museum.

　　With the listing of all kinds of new mobile phones, Xiao Chen, a senior "mobile phone fanatic", is busy buying new ones, but more and more old mobile phones at home have become Xiao Chen’s troubles. "If you lose it, it will pollute the environment and you won’t be able to bear it. It’s really a chicken rib to put it at home and take up space." Recently, the Beijing Morning Post reporter visited and found that many citizens are facing the same troubles as Xiao Chen. In the wave of changing mobile phones quickly, many young people want to sell their old mobile phones and worry about information leakage, which puts them in a dilemma. In this regard, people in the industry reminded that it is more dangerous to sell mobile phones in Bidiu. When selling old mobile phones, we should guard against the recovery of deleted data and the disclosure of personal photos and information. At the same time, it is suggested that citizens should choose their own mobile phones based on their own needs and try not to change their mobile phones frequently. If you really want to sell, it is relatively safe to choose the old-for-new method through the official mobile phone store.

　　Case of selling second-hand mobile phones was transferred away by more than 100 thousand yuan

　　Xiao Liu, who changed his job in March this year, changed into a new mobile phone. After getting the new mobile phone, he was careful to sell his old mobile phone. "I sold my mobile phone to the dealer who recycled the second mobile phone in Electronic City." He told the Beijing Morning Post reporter that before the transaction, he actually deleted photos, videos, contacts, text messages and other personal privacy-related contents from his mobile phone and restored the factory settings. But one day after half a month, he suddenly found that the phone could not be dialed. When he went to the business hall, he found that the SIM card of this mobile phone had been invalidated and had been reissued in a different place. Mr. Liu hurriedly reissued a new SIM card, but he was surprised to find that the funds in four accounts were quickly transferred out of 24 funds in different ways, totaling more than 100 thousand yuan. The operation record of the bank is that someone logged into his online banking and made many transfers.

　　"I really don’t know where I went wrong. I have deleted all kinds of information in my mobile phone. But I still encountered such a situation. " Mr. Liu thought about it and thought that the loss of more than 100 thousand yuan should be caused by the sale of second-hand mobile phones. "The original mobile phone was bound with my bank card and Apple Payment, and it should have been deciphered by a caring person."

　　Dare not sell old mobile phones, only for relatives.

　　Mr. Wu, a citizen, told reporters that before he bought an Apple mobile phone online, the original old mobile phone was eliminated. Looking back, htc, Xiaomi, Samsung, Huawei, Apple 4s and Apple 5s have six or seven idle mobile phones at home. For idle mobile phones, Mr. Wu first chose to use them for the elderly and considered selling them, but he was still worried about information leakage. "I wanted to sell it, but I was afraid that the criminals would master my information and I never dared to sell it."

　　He told reporters that he learned that there are three ways at present. One is to go to the official mobile phone store, recycle old mobile phones and buy new ones by exchanging old ones for new ones. "This is safer and more secure." Secondly, some online electronic product recycling platforms will provide consumers with a recycling price as long as the user inputs the model, year and configuration. In addition, even through the offline mobile phone sales point, the recycling price may be higher, "but I am not sure if it is safe." Mr. Wu said that after thinking and thinking, he decided to leave his mobile phone idle at home and leave it to the elderly at home.

　　Regular website recycling only dares to sell non-intelligent machines.

　　"There is a mobile phone at home four or five years ago. It is a waste at home, and it won’t change much if you go out to sell it. I found that a shopping website also provided mobile phone recycling service, so I made an evaluation of my mobile phone online and found that it was still worth more than 400 yuan, so I decisively sold my old mobile phone online. " Mr. Zhang, a citizen, said that the process of selling mobile phones is relatively simple. Submit an application online, and then someone will come to collect it. Mr. Zhang introduced that during the recycling process, the staff were more serious and carefully tested the mobile phone.

　　"However, what I got after selling my mobile phone was not cash, but recharged to the personal account of this shopping website." Nevertheless, he still thinks it’s more cost-effective. First, the price of mobile phones is satisfactory. Secondly, there are many things on this shopping website, and daily necessities can be bought. Mr. Zhang said that if it is an informal website, he really dare not sell the scrapped mobile phone. "If it is a smart machine used now, with so many things bound, I dare not sell it."

　　Investigating mobile phone recyclers cannot guarantee data security.

　　In Muxiyuan mobile phone recycling street, the reporter walked into a shop and handed his Apple mobile phone to the recycler. After a simple evaluation and bargaining, the young man took the mobile phone to the shop to ask for the price. "I just deleted information, phone calls, photos and software, will it be restored?" Facing the reporter’s question, the young man looked very puzzled. "I don’t understand what you said." Without looking up, the young man entered the store with his mobile phone. After a while, the shop owner came out with a mobile phone to bargain with the reporter. Faced with a reporter’s question about whether the sale of mobile phones after information deletion can guarantee the security of personal information, the store frankly said that "there is no guarantee". "We are only responsible for recycling, but in the end, it is hard to say whether the mobile phone is resold or disassembled. If the whole machine is sold, it is possible that the information deleted inside will be restored. "

　　The boss told reporters that if you want personal information not to be restored, you can choose to disassemble and sell your mobile phone. "If you sell your mobile phone into parts, you certainly don’t have to worry about information leakage. No one has the leisure time to spell the machine and restore the data. However, in this way, the price you can get will be much lower. See how you choose. " Not only that, mobile phones are sold on some mobile phone recycling apps, and the staff also clearly stated that they can’t help completely delete the information in the mobile phone, so they can only delete it by the customers themselves.

　　The deleted data can be recovered by computer software.

　　Can a mobile phone with deleted information really be restored? With questions, the Beijing Morning Post reporter visited a number of shops involved in mobile phone business. Most merchants said that the data recovery business mainly exists in computers, and the recovery of mobile phone information can only be carried out on external memory cards, but the internal storage of mobile phones is difficult to recover. In terms of the price of recovering deleted data, depending on the different storage devices and whether the deleted information is repeatedly overwritten, it ranges from 80 yuan to more than 1,000 yuan, while the recovery time ranges from two hours to as much as one week.

　　Mr. Wang, the owner of the merchant, told the Beijing Morning Post that he had been in business for more than five years. There were not many users who recovered mobile phone information two years ago, but there were more and more users in the past year. "With the improvement of technology now, with some software, the deleted information can be recovered quickly. The threshold for doing this business is getting lower and lower, and there are more and more people. "

　　Subsequently, in a mobile phone recycling shop, the reporter took two photos with his mobile phone and deleted them. The staff connected the recovery software from the computer, and the photos immediately appeared and were saved on the computer. The staff said that the current recovery of mobile phones is mainly aimed at the text content and files of mobile phones, and it is more difficult to recover like voice. If the mobile phone is damaged, it is difficult to recover the data so easily. "Mobile phone data storage is mainly divided into two categories: built-in memory and external memory card," the staff introduced. "When deleting information on the mobile phone manually, it only changes the control structure of the data so that it can be overwritten. Therefore, most personal information of mobile phones that have not been restored to factory settings can be restored by software. However, some people have restored the factory settings, and there are still data stolen. "

　　For the data leakage caused by the built-in storage, this staff member thinks that most of the backup information and network accounts associated with it are lost. Take Apple’s mobile phone as an example. Many users only restore their mobile phones to factory settings, but forget to delete the backups of computers and iCloud.

　　Most people who sell old mobile phones forget to delete private information.

　　Zhongguancun’s army of collecting and selling second-hand mobile phones is an old Jianghu. He has been doing business in Zhongguancun for nearly ten years, and he has handled countless second-hand mobile phones. Recently, he met many people who sold their mobile phones for a few days and then returned to ask him to delete private information. He said that with the increasing emphasis on personal privacy, smart phones are bound to personal information such as bank cards, and when selling second-hand mobile phones, everyone’s concerns are increasing. "I received a mobile phone at the beginning of the year. The seller came to see me twice after selling the mobile phone. " He recalled that the lady took an Apple mobile phone to sell, and at that time, he specially reminded that important information must be deleted. After simply deleting it, she collected the money and left. A few days later, she returned to him, hoping to delete the phone number in her mobile phone. Later, about a week later, the lady came again, hoping to delete WeChat, Weibo, Alipay and so on. "The mobile phones are all sold, and they can’t be deleted. I told her, don’t worry, the second-hand smartphones we collected must be brushed before they are sold. As long as the factory settings are restored, other information will be deleted. "

　　Dajun said that since 2011, after all kinds of smart phones have appeared in an overwhelming way and the number of second-hand mobile phones has surged, he and his colleagues will remind mobile phone owners to delete important information in time before collecting their mobile phones. However, some people simply delete messages, photos and other information, and then get it back and ask for deletion until they react. "Many times, we will brush the phone and restore the factory settings before selling it, but some mobile phone experts can still restore the information."

　　The problem software encryption function master still breaks the work in front of him.

　　According to Xu Xiang, a professional who specializes in mobile phone software development, "The disclosure of privacy usually occurs after the mobile phone is stolen. The other party can easily unlock the power-on password with cracking software, then invade the original registered email address of the mobile phone through virus software, check the privacy in the mobile phone, and even unlock and modify the password of iCloud to further obtain user information. " Xu Xiang said that if the other party is malicious, at this time, the information on this mobile phone has almost been completely made public in front of the other party.

　　"In this case, the risk of economic loss is relatively high, and a friend of mine has encountered this unfortunate situation." He said that after his friend lost his mobile phone, the balance of Alipay was quickly transferred away. "However, in view of this situation, some software developers are now strengthening protective measures, and every software is improving its encryption ability." But even so, experts can successfully obtain the information on the hard disk of the mobile phone by cracking the system password. "

　　Ignoring information security is more dangerous than losing a mobile phone.

　　In this regard, Liu Yang, a mobile phone security expert, said that, in their view, this mobile phone exchange may be more dangerous in Bidiu. Because many people also know that personal privacy may be revealed after the mobile phone is lost. Once the mobile phone is lost, citizens often immediately reissue their mobile phone cards and modify various payment passwords. However, if the mobile phone is sold, users often ignore the risk of revealing privacy when changing the mobile phone.

　　He said that people change their mobile phones very quickly in China. According to a survey, 58.6% of mobile phone users will change their mobile phones within one year, but only 8.4% will use the same mobile phone for more than two years. Often when dealing with old mobile phones, 40% users will delete the software information, and more than 50% users will restore the factory settings.

　　In fact, the safest way at present is to restore the factory settings, but this seemingly safest way can not completely delete the mobile phone data. Liu Yang introduced that in theory, as long as the information on the mobile phone is not covered, the deleted mobile phone can actually be restored. Even if you use the function of restoring factory settings that comes with your mobile phone, it is impossible to completely delete all the information. The information that may be leaked includes private photos, short messages, WeChat chat records, audio recordings, videos and so on.

　　Lack of guidance for the development of industries with incomplete recycling system

　　Liu Yang believes that at present, the recycling industry of used mobile phones has broad development prospects, but it still faces problems such as imperfect recycling network system, imperfect industry policy standard system and insufficient comprehensive recycling capacity. For example, at present, there are no special regulations or management methods for the management of the waste mobile phone recycling market, the market development is irregular and chaotic, and the number of formal recycling enterprises is scarce, which makes the construction of the waste mobile phone recycling system in China insufficient. Another example is the lack of industry standards or specifications for recycling used mobile phones, information destruction, maintenance and component reuse, and the lack of guidance for the development of the whole industry. Although there are some practices that are environmentally friendly or have high resource utilization efficiency, the overall level is not high.

　　In this regard, Liu Yang made several specific suggestions: we can encourage the development of large-scale, professional and innovative recycling enterprises through means such as finance, taxation and market access; Further improve the extended producer responsibility system, incorporate production enterprises into the construction of recycling system, and encourage production enterprises to use existing sales and maintenance channels to build their own, jointly build or entrust a professional third party to build a recycling network system. In addition, a sound industry standard system should be established. Strengthen government supervision, issue corresponding technical specifications, guidelines, industry standards or certifications for all aspects involved in the recycling industry of used mobile phones, such as classification, identification, sorting, information destruction, maintenance, disassembly, component reuse, material utilization, and extraction of rare and precious metals, manage the whole recycling process of used mobile phones, encourage and guide standardized and professional used mobile phone recycling enterprises to become market players, and scientifically carry out environmentally sound treatment and efficient resource utilization of used mobile phones.

　　It is suggested to set the power-on password to unbind the online payment system.

　　Xu Xiang said that how to avoid risks as much as possible can give some suggestions to citizens who want to sell mobile phones. He said that under normal circumstances, to sell your own mobile phone, you need to remember that you should delete all personal information and unbind it before selling it. For example, online payment involved in mobile phones must be unbound. In addition, when the mobile phone number is not used, it must also be unbound in the software, because the communication operator cannot unbind it alone. "If the mobile phone number is not unbound, the purchaser can use the mobile phone number verification function to access the QQ and WeChat of the former user, including some financial accounts".

　　In addition, in order to avoid privacy risks, citizens using Android system should also set the power-on password on their mobile phones, and citizens using Apple system should set an iCloud security lock while setting the power-on password. In this way, even if the mobile phone is stolen, whether it is Android or Apple, the personal information on the mobile phone can be erased remotely. If someone wants to open the iCloud lock on Apple, they must bring the invoice, ID card and warranty card to the customer center to unlock it. "In a word, before reselling the mobile phone, empty and smash all the information; If the mobile phone is stolen, change the relevant bank password immediately, don’t trust the so-called official verification message, and don’t click on any website links with unknown sources. "

　　Technical problems need to be solved in environmental protection recycling of mobile phones

　　In view of the technical problems in the recycling of second-hand mobile phones, Professor Wang, majoring in communication engineering at Beijing University of Technology, suggested that the research and development of comprehensive recycling technology for used mobile phones should be further promoted and the processing capacity should be reasonably improved. "From the policy point of view, we should encourage the research and development and industrialization of the technology of sorting, dismantling and deep processing of used mobile phones, and strive to improve the professional processing capacity of used mobile phones in China. On the other hand, the industry should also be rationally planned to avoid overcapacity and vicious competition caused by enterprises. " He said, "In addition to increasing efforts in the disposal of used mobile phones, government departments should also pay attention to the improvement of efficiency in the recycling process, because some mobile phone users don’t know where to dispose of them even if they know they want to dispose of them. After all, their value is not high, so they should set up more facilities such as recycling bins, which can easily collect used mobile phones."

　　He said, "It is necessary to set a certain threshold for mobile phone recycling manufacturers to ensure that mobile phone recycling manufacturers with recycling strength enter this industry. The purpose of recycling mobile phones is to avoid environmental pollution and save resources. At the same time, it is necessary to create a consumer group with a sense of social responsibility, which is also the renewal and revolution of consumption concepts. The second is to encourage the recycling of mobile phone recycling manufacturers and provide corresponding preferential policies. "

　　■ Reporter’s Notes

　　Recycling mobile phones is safe and can’t run naked.

　　In September, the new Apple 8 mobile phone will be launched soon, and some "fruit powders" are estimated to start changing machines again. With the upgrading of mobile phones faster and faster, it’s really distressing that there are not a few old mobile phones that have been replaced at home, all of which were bought at the beginning with a lot of money.

　　However, you must be careful about selling your old mobile phone. The bank card bound to the mobile phone is unlocked, and the money in the card is transferred one by one. As this kind of news becomes more and more common, the public is more and more vigilant about the mobile phone. With the mobile phone around, the money inside may be stolen, not to mention selling it to strangers. During the interview, the reporter found that it is really simple for professionals to turn over the personal information you once left in your mobile phone. This is a meeting with a mobile phone security expert. If you meet a criminal professional, your personal information will become a stepping stone for them to covet property in minutes. Even if it is small, the disclosure of private information, such as address book, chat records, life pictures, private files and online preferences, will surely cause great trouble to the owner.

　　Nowadays, the mobile phone is no longer a simple communication tool ten years ago, but it integrates more and more functions such as social interaction, office work, payment, business consumption, etc., and it also carries almost the most important private information in people’s daily life, which involves property, emotion or work, and can’t stand it if it is leaked. Mobile phone has become the key to personal secret life. Do you dare to give this key to strangers?

　　However, the "key" is quite expensive after all, and being idle at home is a waste of social resources. For the reuse of mobile phones, there are no specific rules and regulations to be found so far, and the market is growing wildly. It seems that it is not enough to rely solely on the non-professional knowledge mastered by citizens to ensure the information security in mobile phones. Once the mobile phone is sold, personal information that has not been deleted or can be restored is equivalent to naked running. Then the loss that citizens will face far exceeds the three melons and two dates that they get for selling mobile phones.

　　In view of the trading regulations of second-hand mobile phones, the relevant departments should really give specific rules and regulations that can be observed, and even designate mobile phone recyclers with professional qualifications through open and transparent operations that conform to market rules. This can not only ensure the environmental protection and standardization of second-hand mobile phone recycling, but also ensure that citizens’ personal information can no longer run naked. (Reporter Zhang Jingya)

According to a number of foreign media reports, on February 26th, the German F-124 "Saxony" class frigate "Hessen", which was on a combat escort mission in the Red Sea, fired two "Standard-2" (SM-2) air defense missiles at a target that failed to confirm its identity and was judged as a "reconnaissance drone".

Due to technical reasons that did not disclose details, the missile failed and crashed into the sea.

F-124 frigate launches SM-2 missile.

Afterwards, it was proved that the targeted drone was an American MQ-9 "Death" drone that was carrying out a strike mission against Houthi armed targets nearby. The series of related news was confirmed by German Defense Ministry spokesman Michael Steinfler on February 28th.

However, the spokesman stressed that "Hesse" had carried out a complete identification process before firing, including radio response, and asked the allies whether there were drones performing tasks in the airspace.

MQ-9 UAV

In addition, the failure of two SM-2 missiles has also caused waves in Germany.

Lack of air defense equipment in Germany

A spokesman for the German Federal Parliament’s national defense policy said, "We have only now learned according to the requirements that some ammunition of the frigate Hessen can no longer be purchased because it no longer has the corresponding industrial capacity. When the stocks are exhausted, the German navy can no longer replenish them and must withdraw the frigates. " In addition, he also accused the current German government of concealing the truth from the opposition party, which led to the parliament’s unwitting decision to send frigates to participate in escort operations.

The F-124 frigate takes air defense as its main task, and is equipped with advanced multi-function radar and various air defense weapons, including SM-2 Block IIIA, Evolution Sea Sparrow (ESSM) and RIM-116. SM-2 BlockIIIA suffered the ammunition inventory crisis. According to the disclosure of information about this accidental attack by the German Ministry of Defence, the ammunition has been discontinued.

SM-2 series missiles were designed earlier. SM-2 Block1 was developed in 1970s, and its production line was closed in 2013 due to lack of orders.

After the Crimean incident in 2014, the global demand for SM-2 soared. Raytheon restarted its production line in 2017 to meet the demand of more than 280 SM-2 BlockIIIA/B in the Netherlands, Japan, Australia, South Korea and other countries, and announced that the production line will be maintained until 2035. In 2021, Chile made a purchase demand for SM-2 BlockIIIA to the United States, but the quantity was very small.

At present, the latest model of SM-2 series is SM-2 BlockIIIC, which is in the initial production stage of low speed. The missile has undergone a major technical upgrade and completely changed its guidance system: SM-2 BlockIIIA uses inertial navigation, radio command correction and semi-active radar composite guidance; SM-2 BlockIIIB replaces the seeker with the dual-mode system of infrared imaging and semi-active radar on the basis of Type A; SM-2 BlockIIIC is replaced by an active radar guided seeker, which comes from the "Standard -6" extended range active missile (SM-6 ERAM).

Although SM-2 BlockIIIC has been significantly enhanced in performance, it can effectively fight against high-mobility and high-agility targets and has the ability to attack targets outside the radar detection range of warships; However, the change of guidance mode and other improvements make it incompatible with the mission management and fire control system of the existing F-124 frigate.

This also means that once the existing SM-2 BlockIIIA runs out of stocks, Germany not only needs to order SM-2 BlockIIIC missiles with a long production cycle from the United States, but also needs to carry out targeted shipboard equipment improvement and certification tests for F-124 frigates. The time required for this process may be calculated in years.

Predicament of friend-or-foe identification in UAV era

Compared with the missile inventory crisis, which mainly stems from Germany’s own political struggle and management system problems, the wartime friend-or-foe identification problem once again displayed in this accidental attack is a dilemma that all countries are facing. Especially in the era of drones, this problem is becoming more and more difficult.

Friend or foe identification transponder

From a purely technical point of view, many countries have developed a large number of IFF technologies, including cooperative and uncooperative. When the two sides interact and cooperate, they can complete the identification by means of wireless communication through the principle of "inquiry/reply"; When the target is in a non-cooperative state, the inquirer will summarize and fuse all the collected target information (radar echo signal, infrared radiation, acoustic signal, GPS information) and implement compulsory identification.

In the ideal technical test environment, it is possible to realize fast and accurate identification of friend or foe by relying on the complementary combination of these two means. However, in the actual combat environment, many factors, such as political intervention, the setting of rules of engagement, and the management system of military tasks, may completely lead to the unreliability of the existing methods of identifying the enemy or ourselves. The incident in which a German frigate accidentally attacked an American drone is a typical example.

Failure reasons of collaborative identification:

For some reason not publicly disclosed by the US, the targeted MQ-9 failed to turn on the IFF transponder, or the related equipment failed, and the German frigate recognized it as a non-friendly target without an effective response.

Failure reasons of non-cooperative identification level:

Due to the differences of interests between different countries and departments, Europe and the United States have several military operations in the Red Sea and the surrounding areas of Yemen, which are not subordinate to each other and lack a unified command and coordination structure. Due to the confidentiality requirements of military operations, it is very common for different units to be unaware of the existence of the other side, even in the army of the same country.

The Hessian frigate participated in the "Aspad" escort operation led by the European Union, while the escort mission of the US military was the earlier "Guardian of Prosperity" operation. The mistakenly attacked MQ-9 is not affiliated with the "Prosperity Guardian", but another US military operation whose name is unknown at present. The US military units participating in the "Prosperity Guardian" operation are unaware of the existence of the MQ-9 drone.

This led to the "Hesse" frigate, although it initiated consultation with the American unit responsible for the "Guardian of Prosperity", but it got the wrong answer. In the airspace where the target signal is located, the real situation is only that "there is no aircraft participating in the prosperity guardian operation", not "there is no aircraft of the US military".

The 40-kilogram unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) appeared on the battlefield in Ukraine, with a unit price of up to $15,000. It is not worth the loss to carry the traditional IFF transponder.

Compared with purely technical problems, these non-technical factors often make it more difficult to identify the friend or foe. Especially from the actual combat environment such as Ukraine and Yemen in recent years, the identification of friend or foe of drones will become more and more troublesome. The popularity of small and medium-sized UAVs and the extensive participation of civilian UAVs in military operations inevitably bring more problems, such as the following:

01For reasons such as economy and confidentiality risks, a large number of UAVs participating in the war are not equipped with IFF equipment at all.

02At the same time, the number of units operating drones on the battlefield is unprecedented, and the task information between them is not interoperable.

03A large number of unmanned aerial vehicles (especially multi-rotor aircraft) are highly similar in design, and a large number of key features are highly similar from appearance shape to acoustic signals, lacking effective means of distinction; Or both sides are equipped with a large number of equipment at the same time (more common in civilian models), and it is meaningless to distinguish models.

Undoubtedly, drones will further play a more important role in the future battlefield; How to deal with the corresponding friend or foe identification problem will be an extremely critical research topic.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Dalian, March 21st (Reporter Wang Jingyu, Cai Yongjun) The reporter learned from the first meeting of the organizing committee of the 2024 FIFA World Cup held on the 21st that 59 teams from 36 countries and regions have signed up for the event.

　　According to the relevant personage of the organizing committee, as of March 20th, according to the feedback from the International Federation of Sports, 39 men’s soccer teams and 20 women’s soccer teams from five continents have signed up for the tournament in Dalian, and the lottery ceremony is expected to be held in mid-April.

　　On the same day, the organizing committee heard a report on the preparations for the 2024 FIFA World Cup for the first time, and made research and deployment for the next step. Wang Jiayi, executive chairman of the organizing committee, member of the leading party group of the Ministry of Education and vice minister, said that since winning the right to host the games, Liaoning Province and Dalian City have attached great importance to organizing the games in an orderly manner, carefully planned the opening and closing ceremonies and key activities of people-to-people exchanges, provided practical services for the games, and made vigorous progress in various preparations. He stressed that it is necessary to attach great importance to this World Cup, earnestly strengthen the organization and leadership of the preparations, solidly and orderly advance various key tasks, and do a good job in organizing the training and preparation for the China team and supporting activities during the World Cup.

　　The 2024 FIFA World Cup will be held from May 17 to 27, and the preparations for the event have now entered the sprint stage.

China is a gourmet country. Delicious food with good color, smell and shape, distinctive food schools, unique flavor that makes people linger, etc., have all become the theme of documentary performance.

From China on the Tip of the Tongue, Looking for Shunde, to Taste of Old Guangzhou, Origin of Flavor Chaoshan, and recently, the first season of Flavor World was successfully released to many TV stations around the world, covering many countries and regions in Asia-Pacific and North. Domestic food documentaries not only focused on the food culture and living habits of contemporary China people, but also tried to export China culture overseas, opening a window for the world with documentaries.

Although food culture is natural and international, it is the best international communication theme. However, domestic food documentaries not only present the richness and diversity of China food, but also show some humanistic stories behind the food, and convey profound people’s livelihood and people-oriented important ideas, which has become an important window for the world to understand China.

Tell wonderful food stories

China on the Tip of the Tongue has three seasons. The first season was premiered in 2012, which aroused heated discussion and widespread concern. It was quickly translated into many languages and sold to more than 80 countries and regions, making it one of the most distributed documentaries in China.

Watch China on the Tip of the Tongue, and you will find that it is quite similar in structure to those representative BBC documentaries. BBC’s natural history documentaries mostly add more modular structure and more entertainment elements to the traditional documentary techniques, forming a program style called "documentary entertainment" and being accepted by the public.

Similarly, China on the Tip of the Tongue also uses cross-editing, focusing on food, telling stories between people and food, between people, between people and hometown and even between home and country, enriching the expression space and creation space of food documentaries and deepening the ideological connotation of food festivals. In addition, it also contains some humanistic thinking, telling the geography, ceremony and ethics behind the food with concise narration, so that the audience can feel the long history of Chinese food culture.

Since then, a large number of food documentaries have followed this creative method, telling a lot of life or life stories around food. Some even tell transnational stories and bring more international elements into documentaries. Food or ingredients are just clues that run through an episode of documentary.

For example, the series of documentaries "Origin of Flavor" takes food as the window, explores the rich products in China, praises farming and labor, and shows people’s life concepts in different regions with delicious food as the medium. Flavor Origin series documentaries, Flavor Origin Chaoshan and Flavor Origin Yunnan, are the first documentary works produced by China team that Netflix took the initiative to purchase copyright and promoted globally.

Flavor world

Flavor Room examines the uniqueness of China cuisine from a global perspective, explores the evolution of China cuisine in the process of historical evolution, and deeply discusses the relationship between people and food in China. This global perspective has made a diversified "food exploration documentary". For example, the episode "Chicken Style Theory" in the second season of "Flavor World" covers more than a dozen chicken dishes, such as chicken stewed with mushrooms and chicken jiaozi in Heilongjiang, roast chicken and marathon chicken in Africa, ginseng soup and fried chicken in Korea, shredded chicken with ginseng soup and roast chicken in Suzhou, Anhui.

Chen Xiaoqing, director of Flavor World, once said, "Food is the best goodwill ambassador." Food documentaries not only introduce China’s diet with spectacular images and dramatic stories, but also explore the world outlook, values and choices of lifestyle and interpersonal relationships belonging to China culture by means of diet in a way that can be understood by contemporary and even world audiences.

Show the real life of ordinary China people.

In addition to the colorful food itself, the daily life of ordinary people has also become the theme of documentary performance. Ordinary people coming to the front desk of the documentary not only vividly show how China people extend their historical traditions to their present life, but also help other cultural groups to overcome obstacles and barriers and understand the real China people and China culture in the context of contemporary life.

"A String of Life" focuses on barbecue food, showing the scene that ordinary people in China enjoy barbecue. In order to improve the daily scene effect of the picture, the film aims at the noisy streets, smoky kebabs, people with big mouths and scattered bamboo sticks. These pictures highlight a scene in the life of ordinary people in China, which is very real.

"Breakfast China" focuses on breakfast in three meals a day. By showing various special breakfasts, it tells the daily life stories of shopkeepers and shows their mental state. Although the program is short, only a few minutes, but from a few words and simple pictures, we can observe the living conditions of ordinary China people in the fireworks. Together with documentaries about China’s great achievements, rapid economic and social development and changes, these short stories about ordinary people’s daily diet and life constitute a true three-dimensional and comprehensive China.

Create a gourmet "video spectacle"

The unexpected exquisite pictures, especially the "image spectacle" with strong visual impact, are the important reasons why many China food documentaries are welcomed by overseas audiences. China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and its rich ingredients have created a variety of eating habits and culture, which not only provides rich materials for documentary creation, but also provides a huge creative space for creating a unique "video spectacle" of food.

The first season of China on the Bite of the Tongue was taken from different provinces in China. The unique geographical and natural environment, the unique ingredients and their cooking methods, and the mature process of food production are transformed into amazing spectacle images under high-definition cameras and a large number of microscopic lenses.

The diversity of "Between Mountains and Seas" in "Flavor World" presents the south bank of the snow-capped Ulungu River in Xinjiang, the simple and beautiful ancient town Nanping, the endless wheat fields on the Heluo Plain, the plateau landforms in Gansu and the dense mountains in the southwest, bringing the audience into the vast mountains and rivers of China and the magnificent artistic conception.

In addition to constantly exploring the food content, these documentaries also draw lessons from the production mode of "high concept" and pursue the audio-visual level of "film texture". Close-ups with shallow depth of field and aerial photography with special perspectives reflect the pursuit of spectacle effect in Internet documentaries. These comparable film quality and carefully selected shooting themes together constitute a spectacular viewing effect, which has become an important driving force for documentaries to improve quality and market performance in recent years.

Source: China United booth, Guangming Daily, Global Times, etc.

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